The new pressure-transient solution was verified through comprehensive synthetic cases using numerical simulations. In-situ permeability values at all involved zones can be obtained through a combination of individual-impulse analyses and systematic multiple-impulse inversions. The new solution fully considers all impulses as well as potential interferences among them through suitable superposition.
A fit-for-purpose pressure solution, the associated optimization algorithm, and a suitable data-interpretation work flow were developed to analyze the data whenever commercial software tools are inadequate. Existing pressure-transient solutions are incapable of handling the measured data when potential zonal-pressure interferences appear. The tool created multiple pressure pulses at targeted locations simultaneously along monitoring wells for zonal in-situ permeability estimations as well as long-term formation-pressure monitoring. An innovative reservoir-monitoring/testing tool system was developed and successfully applied to fields in both the United States and Canada (Zhan et al. Because of these characteristics, existing tools or methods that work well for conventional reservoirs are usually not applicable for ultralow-permeability formations. Ultralow permeability and very strong stratification or heterogeneity in the formations require conducting long-duration tests at multiple locations in a well to attain a complete reservoir characterization.
One of the major challenges in efficiently developing ultratight or shale reservoirs is to obtain reliable permeability distribution.
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